6/20/05 The 2005 Blade Show in Atlanta, Georgia, was a tremendous event for the American Bladesmith Society. Here are a few highlights from what was probably the best Blade Show to date.

Friday, June 2, saw the following bladesmiths earn their master smith rating after their knives had been reviewed by a panel of judges: John Horrigan, Ray Kirk, Jerry Lairson, and John Perry.

The following smiths earned their JS stamps after a review by a separate panel of judges: Don Bell, Matt Diskin, Shawn Ellis, Greg Evams. Tommy Gann, Don Hanson III, Bill Lyons, Shawn McIntyre, Michael Olive, Joe Olson, Lin Rhea, Ricardo Vilar, Mitchell Wilkins, and Steve Woods.

Later on Friday, the ABS held its annual auction, which saw the Board Knife of the Year sell for $12700, the Master Knife of the Year made by Joe Flournoy sell for $2500, the ABS Master Folder of the Year made by Mark Sentz sold for $2700, and the ABS Journeyman Knife of the Year made by David Mirabile sell for $1000. A Bowie made by Chuck Richards sold for $700, with the proceeds going to the Scott Taylor Memorial Scholarship Fund, and the TOMB Knife of the Year made by Rick Dunkerley sold for $1900. The Mastersmith Collaboration Knives sold for $2,600.

Friday evening the ABS Awards Banquet took place, and among the awards were the following: Don Hastings Memorial Award, which went to Greg Neely and Al Lawrence; the Margaret Moran Silver Slipper Award was presented to Lora Sue Bethke; the W. W. Scagel Award went to Mike Williams; the Special Service AWard went to Red St. Cyr; the George Peck Award went to Tommy Gann; the B. R. Hughes Award was won by John Perry; the W. F. Moran Award was presentd to James Rodebaugh; the Chairman's Award went to Carolyn Hughes; the Chairman's Big Hammer Award was presented to Arthur and Julia Brittain.

Blade Magazine Awards went to Joe Flournoy, Vince Evans, Richard Rogers, Mike Ruth, Shane Taylor, Jerry Van Eizenga, James Walker, and Mike Williams.

James Walker will make the 2007 Master Knife of the Year; Jason Tiensvold will make the 2007 Master Folder of the Year, and Billy Bob Sowell will make the 2006 Journeyman Knife of the Year.

On Saturday, the annual Blade Magazine National Cutting Competition was held before a crowd of aspproximately 500. The five finalists were Reggie Barker, Dan Farr, Adam Des Rosiers, Dickie Robinson, and Dan Winkler. When the cuts and chops were over, Reggie Barker was declared the winner for the second year in a row.

Saturday evening saw the Blade Magazine Awards Banquet take place, and the five cutters were on hand to present the awards. Don Fogg received the Blade Industry Achievement Award, and Houston Price, publisher of Knife World, received the Blade Magazine Publisher's Award. The late Butch Winter, who was perhaps the first serious collector of modern handmade knives, and a member of the American Bladesmiths Hall of Fame selection committee, was inducted into the Blade Magazine Hall of Fame.

All in all, it was a great show for the ABS!
 

3/30/05 There seems to be some confusion arising about stipulations concerning the journeyman testing in Atlanta at the Blade Show concerning the presence of Damascus steel on any of these knives. The guidelines were established by a panel of master smiths approximately 10 years ago and while they have been misinterpreted and even over-looked in the past, they are really quite simple. In a word, the presence of Damascus steel, or anything resembling Damascus steel on any one of the five knives submitted for review will result in denial of the journeyman stamp. Stated quite simply, do not use Damascus steel on any of the five knives submitted to the judging panel. There can be no misunderstanding of this guideline, nor will any exception be made. It is still about two months until the Blade Show, so there is ample time to correct the presence of Damascus steel on one or more of the knives you are preparing. Your cooperation in adhering to this guideline will be greatly appreciated and will enhance your chances of passing the journeyman smith review.
I and the rest of the JS judging panel look forward to seeing you in Atlanta. B. R. Hughes
Head Judge
Journeyman Smith Judging Panel
 

11/01/04 Just back from the fall Piney Woods hammer-in at Old Washington, Arkansas, "the grand daddy of hammer-ins", which was held Oct. 30-31. 87 participants enrolled for the hammer-in and we had a great turnout of master smiths with over 35 in attendance. Featured were six bladesmiths from Thiers, France were on hand to demonstrate their craft, and they presented a piece of iron sculpture to be displayed in the ABS museum. They also taught a number of participants how to make their traditional knives, including Carolyn Hughes, the editor of the ABS Journal. Great weather graced the weekend, and TOMB held a very successful auction Saturday night. Among the ABS masters who served as demonstrators were James Ray Cook, Steve Dunn, Joe Keeslar, Jim Batson, Greg Neely, Mike Williams, Bert Gaston, and Dickie Robinson. Also demonstrating were Kenny Rowe, Terry Primos, Reggie Barker, B. R. Hughes, and Boyd Ashworth.

In the Piney Woods cutting competition, Jimmy Chin, Taiwan, finished first, followed by Adam Des Rosiers, Juneau, Alaska, second, and Bailey Bradshaw, Ore City, Texas, third.

At the conclusion of this, the sixth competition of the seven which will determine who will compete in Atlanta in June, 2005, for the national championship, here are the top ten cutters:

1. Dan Farr 32 points
2. Reggie Barker 27 points
3. Dickie Robinson 25 points
4. Adam Des Rosiers 18 points
5. Dan Winkler 16 points (tie) Ray Kirk l6 points
6. Wes Byrd 14 points (tie) James Crowell 14 points (tie)
8. Jimmy Chin 12 points
9. Ed Caffrey 10 points (tie) Patrick Curran 10 points (tie)

10/28/04 Carolyn and I have just returned from the first Great Northwest Blade Forging and Knife Expo, held in Spokane, Washington, Oct. 22-24, and it was a tremendous success, with 53 paid attendees. It was the first hammer-in I ever attended held totally indoors at a truck parts and repair shop that was no longer in business. It rained the first day, and after that, it was partly cloudy and cool, but because we were inside, everything went off without a hitch.

It would be virtually impossible to list everyone who participated, but master smiths who took part included Dr. James Batson, Bob Kramer, Rick Dunkerley, Wade Colter, Ed Caffrey, Jerry Fisk, Shane Taylor, Josh Smith, Bruce Bump, Mike Vagnino, James Rodebaugh plus a number of journeyman smiths and apprentice smiths. A big thank-you to Matt Diskin for making the arrangements for the facilities and to Col. David Cornett of Pine Mountain, GA who did a fantastic job with the auction.

In the cutting competition, Ed Caffrey finished first, Adam Des Rosiers took second place, and Michael Rader wound up third. There were a total of l2 competitors, and Jerry Fisk served as director of the competition. Photogallery from the Great Northwest Hammerin.

Here are the standings after the completion of five of the seven competitions that will decide who will compete for the national championship in Atlanta in June. Those listed have earned 10 or more points:

l. Dan Farr 29 points
2. Reggie Barker 27 points
3. Dickie Robinson 25 points
4. James Crowell l4 points
Dan Winkler l4 points
6. Wes Byrd l3 points
7. Ed Caffrey l0 point s
Pat Curran l0 points

Northwest Hammerin by Bob Hartman

 For anyone in the Northwest who missed the “Great Northwest Blade Forging & Knife Exposition” in Spokane, WA this last weekend, you really did miss out. Matt Diskin did a great job. The facilities couldn’t have been better. Then there was James Batson keeping everyone whipped into shape, and things flowing smoothly. Just the chance to meet B.R. & Carolyn Hughes was worth the trip.

 It really started Thursday afternoon. It couldn’t be helped. You have a room full of Blade smiths, Tom Clark’s air hammer, and a forge . . . You get the picture.

 Friday morning the first demonstration I went to was “Damascus Steel” with John Davis, Gary House, and Tom Ferry. A bit beyond my talents right now, but still worth it. Now when I get to that point it won’t be so mysterious. It was nice to see the difference between a Press and Hammer when working down a Billet.

 The next Demonstration was Bob Kramer’s “ Forging Blades & Knife Design”. To watch a Master Blade smith work steel up close was a real treat. So much Information so fast, I was heading for overload. Good thing it was lunchtime.

 After lunch it was time to put my new knowledge to use. I went to the “Green Coal” class for some hands on with Rick Dunkerley (Poor Rick, just didn’t know who he was dealing with). It was great. I had Rick to myself for a good hour before any others started wandering in. In that time I took a perfectly good flat bar of 5160, and tortured it into a lumpy bar of 5160. It was starting to resemble something . . .a spoon maybe, or a back-scratcher. If I could’ve had another five hours at it I’m sure I could have beat it into non-existence, but it was time to give someone else a shot.

 The Demonstrations for me on Friday ended with “ Heat Treating” with Wade Colter. Now, You might know Wade, but this was my first, uh, experience. I’m sure they unchain Wade, let him loose on an unsuspecting audience, and then chain him back up somewhere safe. Very entertaining, and Lots of good information (eventually). He packed the place.

 Friday ended with the Cutting Contest. Again, a first for me. What a great time. Even though big Ed Caffery won (cutting six water bottles), I was impressed with the speed that James Batson chopped through the 2x4. So was everyone else. He brought a roar from the crowd.

 Saturday Started with “Green Coal”. This Time I Just hung back, and watched Ed Caffery instruct some others. In the end (not wanting to show off) I left the thing I had made the day before in my pocket. Obviously they were working on something completely different.

 I finished off with “Forged Blade Grinding” with Jerry Fisk. It didn’t take long to see what is wrong with my grinding technique. From now on I’m sending my blades to Jerry.

 It was noon Saturday, and the Judge said I had to be back in Boise by sundown, so I bought a t-shirt and hit the road, recharged, and ready to forge (after I excavate the shop).

 What, for me, was the most interesting was seeing the different styles, and methods that the Master Smiths use. Between the three that I watched, and worked with on the anvil, Rick Dunkerley, Bob Kramer (with his hammers from Japan), and Ed Caffery (with his hammers from Mars) the methods they use couldn’t be more different. Now I know not to worry the little stuff. Heat it up, and beat it.

 Thanks Matt, Thanks Dr. Batson, Thanks ABS, Demonstrators, and everyone who made it work.                                                                                              

 Bob Hartman

10/08/2004 First, the Moran hammer-in was tremendous. The weather was favorable, and the only rain fell only during the auction while everyone was under the large pavilion. Jay and Nancy Hendrickson did a tremendous job or organizing the event, and there were something like 86 paid attendees.

Jerry Fisk was in charge of the cutting competition, and Patrick Curran of Oakland, NJ, not only won but accomplished something no one has ever done in an ABS competition--he compiled a perfect score! The five events consisted of a two-by-four chop, which Patrick won, followed by a one-inch rope cut, a ping pong ball chop, a toilet tissue slice, and a water bottle chop. In the latter event, the contestants had to name how many water filled plastic bottles they could cut through, and they got 5 points for each bottle halved, but it was an all or nothing event. That is, if the contestant said he could cut four bottles, but cut only three, he earned zero points. Patrick said he could cut 5, and he did just that. In second place was Dan Farr, Rochester, New York, and in third place was Dan Winkler, Blowing Rock, North Carolina. Bill Moran did a series of demonstrations in his historic shop, forging out iron leaves.

Here are the standings after four ABS cutting competitions. The top four point earners will compete in Atlanta at the Blade Show for the National Championship, plus a fifth contestant to be chosen as a "wild card" by the competition officials.

After four competitions, here are the competitors who have earned l0 or more points:

l. Reggie Barker 27 points
2. Dickie Robinson 25 points
3. Dan Farr 23 points
4. James Crowell l4 points (tie)
Dan Winkler l4 points (tie)
5. Wes Byrd l3 points
6. Patrick Curram l0 points
 

10/03/04 Carolyn and I have just returned from the 2004 Spirit of Steel Show, one of three ABS sanctioned shows. The show has been moved from Mesquite, TX, just east of Dallas, to Grapevine, TX, which is northwest of Dallas. The host hotel is the Hilton, and it is very nice, just across the stree from Bass Pro Shop. There are a number of excellent restaurants in the immediate area, and it is only 5 minutes from the airport.

ABS bladesmiths did very well when the awards were handed out: Jerry Fisk, Best Art Knife; Brett Gatlin, Best Bowie; Jim Walker, Best Hunter; John Martin, Best Combat Knife; Jim Walker, Best Damascus; John Fitch, Best Fixed Blade; and Ron Newton, Most Innovative and Best of Show.

In the cutting competition, Reggie Barker took first, Dickie Robinson second, and J. W.. Randall, third.
After three competitions, here are the standings of the top cutters\
l. Reggie Barker 27 points
2, Dickie Robinson 25 points
3. Jimmy Crowell l4 points
Dan Farr 14 points
5. Ray Kirk 9 points
6. John Horrigan 8 points
J. W. Randall 8 points
8. Mike Bauer 7 points
Ron Newton 7 points
Rusty Polk 7 points

 

9/13/04 Carolyn and I have just returned from the 4th annual Scagel Blade Forging and Knife Exposition in Michigan. The weather was great, the food was delicious, the demonstrations excellent, and the fellowship outstanding! We had approximately 45 paid attendees. Dr. Batson did a fine job of organizing this one, and Mike and Melanie Bauer were terrific hosts! Mike Williams planned and was in charge of the cutting competition. We had 18 contestants. The winner was Dickie Robinson, Ray Kirk took second, and Reggie Barker was third. Tremendous competition!
 

After the first two cutting competitions of the seven which count towards earning a spot in the championship finals in Atlanta at the 2005 Blade Show, here are the standings. Points are awarded according to the placement in an ABS sanctioned cutting competition:

l. Reggie Barker l7 points
2. Dickie Robinson l6 points
3, Dan Farr l0 points
4. Jimmy Crowell 9 points and Ray Kirk 9 points

6. John Horrigan 8 points
7. Ron Newton 7 points and Mark Van Appel 7 points

l0. John Fitch 6 points and Wes Byrd 6 points

The next competition will be held in Grapevine, TX Sept. 20 in conjunction with the 2004 Spirit of Steel Show. In order to compete, an individual must be at least 2l years of age, a member of the ABS, and must have forged his/her own blade.
 

8/16/04 I have just received word that Clifford Hopewell, author of several books dealing with the Texas Revolution, including James Bowie: Texas Fighting Man, died in Dallas, TX on Aug. 3. Clifford also participated in one of Dr. Batson's Bowie Seminars in Atlanta. A veteran of World War II and Korea, he also wrote a number of feature articles for the Dallas Morning News.
BR
 

6/27/04 New ABS Journeyman Smiths:

Craig Camerer, Don Duncan, Tom Ferry, David Jackson, Michael Mills, David Mirabile, Jody Muller, Rob Patton, Ray Pieper III, Alvin Richards, Dennis Riley, Dennis Tingle, Ron Welling, and John White. Congratulations to you all, well done.

6/22/04 The results of the World's Championship Cutting Competition held at Atlanta, GA during the Blade Show.
Reggie Barker, Springhill, LA took first place, following by Jim Crowell, Mt. View, AR, with John Fitch, Clinton, AR taking third.

Reggie was awarded a beautiful trophy buckle by GRS Tools. The others received appropriately engraved plaques. Congratulations.

6/11/04 Here is a recap of the ABS Awards Banquet.

Don Fogg won the Don Hastings Award
Jay Hendrickson won the W. W. Scagel Award
Joanne Perry won the Margaret Moran Silver Slipper Award
Baily Bradshaw won the Antique Bowie Award for masters
Billy Bob Sowell won the Antique Bowie award for journeyman smiths
Ken Durham won the W. F.  Moran Award
Ken Durham won the B. R. Hughes Award
John White won the George Peck Award

Distinguished Service Awards were presented to Nancy
Hendrickson, Johnny Perry, Dr. Jim Batson, and Greg Neely.

The Chairman's Big Hammer Awards went to Uncle Al Lawrence and Greg Neely.

Master stamps were awarded to Jerome Anders, Burt Foster, Jason Tiensvold, Doug Noren, Ken Durham, and James Rodebaugh.

Harvey Dean was elected to the Board of Directors.

5/14/04 An article about Ken Durham, ABS Journeyman Bladesmith, appears in the new, July 4, 2004, issue of Blade Magazine. The article begins on page 28 and features four color shots of Ken's Bowie knives.

The latest Bladesmith's Journal is in the mail keep your eye out for it.

5/5/04 The 2004 Spring Piney Woods Hammer-In was held May 1 and 2 at the William F. Moran School of Bladesmithing in Old Washington, Arkansas, approximately eight miles north of Hope. Saturday, May 1, was marked by heavy rains, but the activities went on as scheduled, which was made possible by the school facilities. Sunday was a perfect spring day. Demonstrators for the seminar were Dickie Robinson, Amy Hinchman, Terry Primos, Reggie Barker, Jerry Fisk, Roger Massey, Dr. James Batson, David Anders, Ron Newton, John Horrigan, James Walker, Kenny Rowe, Bailey Bradshaw, Greg Neely, Mike Williams, Steve Dunn, John Fitch, James Crowell, and B. R. Hughes.

The seminar's Cutting Competition, held Sunday afternoon, attracted a large crowd and was supervised by Jerry Fisk, assisted by Joe Flournoy, Bill Worthen, Mike Williams, Greg Neely, Courtney Bailey, Terry Primos, and B. R. Hughes. The competition consisted of five events: the 2x4 chop; the two can cut; the campfire cut; the cardboard tube cut; and the one-inch rope cut. A total of 23 contestants signed up for the event. Dan Farr, Rochester, New York, was the winner with a total of 2l points trailed by Reggie Barker, Springhill, Lousiana, second with l8 points, and John Horrigan, Burnet, Texas, l5 points.

This was the first of six competitions which will lead to the selection of five competitors who will vie for the title of national champion at the 2005 Blade Show in Atlanta, Georgia. Points are awarded in this manner: first in any competition--10 points; second--9 points; third--8 ponts; etc. down to l0th place. No points are awarded for finished lower than 10th. The remaining five competitions are the Scagel Expo in Michigan, the Spirit of Steel Show in Texas; the Moran Expo in Maryland; the Alabama Forge Council; and the fall Piney Woods Hammer-In in Arkansas.

4/24/04 The Spring 2004 Piney Woods Hammer-In at Old Washington, Arkansas, the site of the W. F. Moran School of Bladesmithing, will take place May 1 and 2. In addition to a number of demonstrations featuring some of the more noted bladesmiths of the American Bladesmith Society, the weekend will also feature the first cutting competition of the 2004-2005 season. Accumulative points earned in this competition, together with other competitions at the Michigan Scagel Expo, the Maryland Moran Expo, the fall Piney Woods hammer-in, and the Alabama Forge Council in April will determine the top five cutters who will compete for the national championship at the Blade Show in Atlanta next June. There will also be a Knife Show at Old Washington Sunday morning, May 2. Motel accommodations are available in Hope, Arkansas, approximately eight miles south of Old Washington. Additional information may be obtained by calling the Office of Continuing Education, Texarkana College, 2500 Robison Rd., Texarkana, TX 75503, phone no. 903-838-454l, extension 277.

RENO REVIEW

With the ABS Reno Exposition behind us, and a very pleasant memory indeed, we are already gearing up for the third annual show. The 2004 Expo is proof that we can do “better” the second time. We sold more knives, had a larger banquet, offered our guests more educational seminars with forging demonstrations, entertained more guests and signed on more new members. Overall, a quality event was improved upon and next year holds great promise.

We were very fortunate to have one of our founders, Mr. B.R. Hughes, present at the show again this year. We look forward to having him with us in Reno for many years to come. Until the last moment, we thought Mr.W.F.(Bill) Moran would also be able to attend. Unfortunately, his health would not allow him to travel. We missed him and look forward to his company at the 2005 Exposition and Show.

The show began on Friday morning at ten with a good number of knife enthusiasts waiting for the door to open. One of the VIP guests, when invited to the hospitality area for coffee, declined saying”…no thank you, I want to be sure I get in first, so I can buy the knife I want before someone else gets it…”. The entire opening day was filled with enthusiasm from collectors and bladesmiths alike!

A preview of auction items began at six that evening, followed by a superb dinner. Auctioneer, Colonel Tim Ryan then initiated a lively auction, making bidding and buying entertaining as well as profitable for the ABS. Members of the ABS donated all the auction items; thereby making the show possible and keeping table costs at a minimum. We extend our sincere appreciation for your contributions. A special thanks is offered to Steve Schwarzer and all others who assisted by describing items or processing paperwork.

New features to the Expo this year included seminars on Saturday and Sunday. ABS founder, B.R. Hughes, Mastersmiths Steve Schwarzer, Larry Fuegen and Daniel Winkler generously provided their time, knowledge and expertise. Their presentations were educational and well received. Gentlemen, we gratefully acknowledge your contributions.

Mastersmith Red St. Cyr once again brought his forge to Reno. Saturday afternoon, on the hotel plaza, Red fired up the forge; then he and Jim Rodebaugh “fired up” the large crowd with their excellent forging demonstration. The purpose of the seminars and demonstrations is to teach all who are interested in the “Art of the Forged Blade”. Educating individuals on the "how" and "why" of this art form is a high priority goal of the ABS. Each bladesmith helps educate the collector and others interested in the pieces on the show tables. As the guests ask about knives they are viewing, the smith has the opportunity to share his unique knowledge of the forged blade.

A large number of guests, especially impressed by the friendly manners and free sharing of information by exhibitors, made a point of expressing their sincere appreciation. Show guests also complemented the smiths for their work, their manners and their dress. Our organization is rapidly making a positive presence known.

At noon on Sunday, the drawing was held for the exquisite Fuegen and Winkler raffle knives. Gary Shaw and Jack Gaston were lucky winners of those great knives. At the close of show, guests and exhibitors alike were thrilled with the outcome of the three-day event.

Congratulations ABS members. Another successful all-forged blade exposition has been held and the Legacy truly continues. Thanks for your support! And our special appreciation is extended to the many collectors who shared a visit with us in Reno and were really instrumental in the event’s success. We look forward to seeing you in Reno early next year.

Sincere Regards.

Reno Show Committee Members

2/12/04  The bladesmiths of the ABS swept the awards at the annual Arkansas Knifemakers Association Show held in Little Rock February 7-8. This is a quality show held in the Robinson Conference Center, featuring approximately 70 tables. Award winners were: Ron Newton, Best of Show and Best Folder; Jerome Anders, Best Art Knife; Tim Foster, Best Bowie and Best Damascus; Jerry Lairson, Sr., Best Giraffe Bone handle; Roger Massey, Best Hunter; and Best Fighter, Charles Stout. The only show award not won by an ABS smith was Best Minature, won by Vernon Red. Roger and Billie Faye Massey were presented the Vernon Hicks Award for their many contributions to the Arkansas Knifemakers Association.

A weekend seminar on Rebuilding Little Giant power hammers will be held in Nebraska City, Nebraska on March l2-l4 and another on March l9-2l. The instructor will be Sid Suedmeier, the owner of Little Giant. Advance registration is required, and the cost is $95 per seminar. Sid's phone number is 402.873.6603, or you may email him. Sid says that with the information gained in this seminar one can transform a veritable wreck into a smooth, responsive machine. Sid's mailing address if 420 4th Corso, Nebraska City, NE 68410.

2/3/04 I just got the new Knives Illustrated, which is the April,2004, edition. It has a dandy article on ABS cutting competitions by Mac Overton plus articles on Reggie Barker and David and Jerome Anders, all ABS members. David is a master smith while Reggie and Jerome are js smiths.

The 2004 Arkansas Custom Knife Show will take place Feb. 7-8 in Little Rock at the Robinson Center Exhibition Hall in downtown Little Rock.
The Center is just west of the Old State Capitol on Markham Street.
Easy to find and lots of parking. This is not an official ABS show, but a large number of ABS smiths will attend including quite a few masters. Moreover, the ABS lads genrally dominate the awards. It's a classy show, and if you live within a few hours' drive, it's well worth attending.
 

1/12/04 The February, 2004 issue of Field and Stream includes a story on the Bowie knife and fetures a picture of a knife by MS Dan Winkler, quotes by Dr. Batson and mentions Joe Musso, a staunch supporter of the ABS. The article also mentions Bowie No. 1 that is on display at the Historic Museum of Arkansas which houses the ABS museum and hall of fame. BR

1/1/04 Be sure to pick up a copy of the March 2004 Blade Magazine. It contains a great deal of material on the ABS, including a review of the 1st Bill Moran hammer-in held in October, 2003. The Blade also announced its Bladehandmade Awards, in which ABS smiths came out very well, including: Ron Newton- Best of Show Award; Richard Rogers- Best Miniature; Scott Taylor- Best Non-Damascus; Jerry Fisk-Best Hunter; Raymond Rybar-Best Damascus; and John Fitch-Best Fighter. Plus, in Steve Shackleford's "Makers to Watch in 2004" he listed journeyman smith Jason Titensvold and master smith J.W. Randall.

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